Record sea temperatures leave Thai corals feeling the heat

Sea surface temperatures along Thailand’s eastern gulf coast have reached record highs during a regional heatwave, leading to extensive coral bleaching and threatening the local marine ecosystem. This environmental crisis poses severe risks to tourism and the livelihoods of local communities.

Marine biologists and residents are deeply concerned about the impact of rising sea temperatures on marine life. The once vibrant and colorful corals, typically found about 5 meters underwater, have turned white, signaling widespread coral bleaching. This phenomenon indicates a significant decline in coral health due to elevated water temperatures.

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Recent data shows that sea surface temperatures in the Eastern Gulf of Thailand peaked at 32.73 degrees Celsius (90.91 F) earlier this month. Underwater measurements are slightly higher, with dive computers recording around 33 degrees Celsius. Lalita Putchim from the Department of Marine and Coastal Resources (DMCR) expressed grave concern after a dive in the gulf.

“I couldn’t find a single healthy coral. Almost all species have bleached; there’s very little that’s not affected.” The Trat archipelago, which comprises over 66 islands and more than 28.4 square kilometers of coral reef, has been severely impacted. Lalita reported that up to 30% of the coral life in the area is experiencing bleaching, with 5% already dead. If water temperatures remain high, more coral will die, worsening the ecological crisis, she warned.

“It’s global boiling, not just global warming.”

The impact on marine life

The rising temperatures are also affecting other marine life and the livelihoods of local fishermen. Sommay Singsura, a fisherman, has seen his daily catch decrease significantly in recent years. Previously, he could earn up to 10,000 baht (US$275) a day, but now he sometimes returns empty-handed.

“There used to be jackfish, short mackerel, and many others… But now, the situation isn’t good. The weather isn’t like what it used to be.”

Coral reefs are crucial as both a food resource and habitat for marine life, as well as natural barriers that prevent coastal erosion. Scientists warn that if coral bleaching leads to a decrease in marine life, fishermen will need to spend more to get their catch, potentially driving up selling prices. Sarawut Siriwong, dean of the Faculty of Marine Technology at Burapha University, emphasized the broader implications:

“While this coral bleaching affects food security, it also puts the income stability of the community at stake.”

The deteriorating marine environment and the threat of heatstroke present significant challenges for Thailand’s tourism industry. Visitors who come to the eastern Gulf Coast for its natural beauty and marine attractions may find their plans disrupted by the extreme temperatures and declining marine health. The urgent need for action to address climate change and its effects on Thailand’s ecosystem and economy is increasingly evident.